@font-face{font-family:Playfair Display Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400 900;src:url(/_astro/playfair-display-cyrillic-wght-normal.5WvUvBgz.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:Playfair Display Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400 900;src:url(/_astro/playfair-display-vietnamese-wght-normal.Cabi7G8-.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:Playfair Display Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400 900;src:url(/_astro/playfair-display-latin-ext-wght-normal.CT1r92Rl.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:Playfair Display Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:400 900;src:url(/_astro/playfair-display-latin-wght-normal.BOwq7MWX.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:DM Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 1000;src:url(/_astro/dm-sans-latin-ext-wght-normal.BOFOeGcA.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:DM Sans Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 1000;src:url(/_astro/dm-sans-latin-wght-normal.Xz1IZZA0.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-cyrillic-ext-wght-normal.EocZY2iu.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+460-52F,U+1C80-1C8A,U+20B4,U+2DE0-2DFF,U+A640-A69F,U+FE2E-FE2F}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-cyrillic-wght-normal.D73BlboJ.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+301,U+400-45F,U+490-491,U+4B0-4B1,U+2116}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-greek-wght-normal.Bw9x6K1M.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+370-377,U+37A-37F,U+384-38A,U+38C,U+38E-3A1,U+3A3-3FF}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-vietnamese-wght-normal.Bt-aOZkq.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+102-103,U+110-111,U+128-129,U+168-169,U+1A0-1A1,U+1AF-1B0,U+300-301,U+303-304,U+308-309,U+323,U+329,U+1EA0-1EF9,U+20AB}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-latin-ext-wght-normal.DBQx-q_a.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+100-2BA,U+2BD-2C5,U+2C7-2CC,U+2CE-2D7,U+2DD-2FF,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+1D00-1DBF,U+1E00-1E9F,U+1EF2-1EFF,U+2020,U+20A0-20AB,U+20AD-20C0,U+2113,U+2C60-2C7F,U+A720-A7FF}@font-face{font-family:JetBrains Mono Variable;font-style:normal;font-display:swap;font-weight:100 800;src:url(/_astro/jetbrains-mono-latin-wght-normal.B9CIFXIH.woff2)format("woff2-variations");unicode-range:U+??,U+131,U+152-153,U+2BB-2BC,U+2C6,U+2DA,U+2DC,U+304,U+308,U+329,U+2000-206F,U+20AC,U+2122,U+2191,U+2193,U+2212,U+2215,U+FEFF,U+FFFD}:root{color-scheme:dark;--ink:#07090f;--panel:#0d121c;--panel-raised:#131a27;--rule:#1e2636;--rule-strong:#2c3649;--paper:#e9edf5;--muted:#a2adc2;--faint:#6e7a91;--signal:#f5c518;--signal-ink:#07090f;--teal:#00c4a7;--link:#5fdcc7;--above:#00a68f;--below:#e8693a;--projected:#8f7cf0;--observed:#e9edf5;--replacement:#8b93a6;--rank-top3:#eef1f6;--rank-top10:#c3c9d6;--rank-top20:#8b93a6;--rank-absent:#5b6478;--font-display:"Playfair Display Variable", "Playfair Display", Georgia, serif;--font-body:"DM Sans Variable", "DM Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;--font-mono:"JetBrains Mono Variable", "JetBrains Mono", ui-monospace, monospace;--measure:66ch;--page-max:75rem;--gutter:clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.5rem);--radius-control:6px;--radius-panel:14px;--space-1:.25rem;--space-2:.5rem;--space-3:.75rem;--space-4:1rem;--space-5:1.5rem;--space-6:2rem;--space-7:3rem;--space-8:4.5rem;--space-9:7rem}@media (prefers-color-scheme:light){:root{color-scheme:light;--ink:#f6f7fa;--panel:#fff;--panel-raised:#eef1f6;--rule:#d9deea;--rule-strong:#b9c1d1;--paper:#0c1220;--muted:#4a5368;--faint:#6b7489;--signal:#f5c518;--signal-ink:#07090f;--teal:#00866f;--link:#006f5d;--above:#008a76;--below:#c9542a;--projected:#6f5ce0;--observed:#1f2533;--replacement:#8a92a5;--rank-top3:#1f2533;--rank-top10:#464f63;--rank-top20:#737c90;--rank-absent:#9aa2b4}}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:var(--space-7)}body{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font-family:var(--font-body);font-optical-sizing:auto;text-rendering:optimizelegibility;margin:0;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.6}img,svg{max-width:100%;display:block}a{color:var(--link);text-underline-offset:.18em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--signal);outline-offset:3px;border-radius:2px}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--font-display);letter-spacing:-.012em;text-wrap:balance;margin:0;font-weight:600;line-height:1.08}h1{font-size:clamp(2.1rem,1.6rem + 3vw,4.5rem);line-height:1.02}h2{font-size:clamp(1.75rem,1.4rem + 1.6vw,2.6rem)}h3{font-size:1.35rem;line-height:1.2}p{margin:0 0 var(--space-4);text-wrap:pretty}.skip-link{left:var(--space-4);background:var(--signal);color:var(--signal-ink);padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-4);border-radius:var(--radius-control);z-index:10;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;position:absolute;top:-3rem}.skip-link:focus{top:var(--space-4)}.visually-hidden{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.frame{width:100%;max-width:var(--page-max);padding-inline:var(--gutter);margin-inline:auto}.prose{max-width:var(--measure)}.prose>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.prose ul,.prose ol{margin:0 0 var(--space-4);padding-left:1.25em}.prose li+li{margin-top:var(--space-2)}section.chapter{padding-block:var(--space-8);border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}section.chapter>.frame>h2{max-width:24ch;margin-bottom:var(--space-5)}.answer{max-width:var(--measure);font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5}.button{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2);min-height:2.75rem;padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-5);border-radius:var(--radius-control);font:inherit;cursor:pointer;border:1px solid #0000;font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.button-primary{background:var(--signal);color:var(--signal-ink)}.button-primary:hover{background:#ffd43b}.button-quiet{color:var(--paper);border-color:var(--rule-strong);background:0 0}.button-quiet:hover{border-color:var(--paper)}.button[disabled]{opacity:.55;cursor:not-allowed}.segmented{border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-control);flex-wrap:wrap;gap:2px;padding:2px;display:inline-flex}.segmented button{font:inherit;min-height:2.25rem;padding:var(--space-1) var(--space-4);color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;border-radius:4px;font-size:.95rem}.segmented button[aria-pressed=true],.segmented button[aria-selected=true]{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.instrument{background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:var(--radius-panel);padding:clamp(var(--space-4), 3vw, var(--space-6));margin-block:var(--space-6)}.instrument-head{justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-3);margin-bottom:var(--space-5);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.instrument-title{font-family:var(--font-body);letter-spacing:0;font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:600}.readout{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.chip{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2);color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);padding:2px var(--space-3);border-radius:999px;font-size:.85rem;display:inline-flex}.chip:before{content:"";background:var(--projected);border-radius:50%;width:7px;height:7px}.chip[data-mode=live]:before,.chip[data-mode=measured]:before{background:var(--above)}details.assumptions,details.table-view{margin-top:var(--space-5);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:var(--space-3);font-size:.95rem}details.assumptions summary,details.table-view summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--muted)}details.assumptions[open] summary,details.table-view[open] summary{margin-bottom:var(--space-3)}table.data{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.95rem}table.data th,table.data td{text-align:left;padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-3);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);vertical-align:top}table.data th{color:var(--muted);font-weight:600}table.data td.num,table.data th.num{text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto}.field{gap:var(--space-1);display:grid}.field label,.field .label{font-size:.95rem;font-weight:600}.field .hint{color:var(--muted);font-size:.85rem}.field input[type=text],.field input[type=email],.field input[type=tel],.field input[type=number],.field textarea{font:inherit;color:var(--paper);background:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-control);padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-3);width:100%;min-height:2.75rem;font-size:1rem}.field textarea{resize:vertical;min-height:7rem}.field input[aria-invalid=true],.field textarea[aria-invalid=true]{border-color:var(--below)}.field .error{color:var(--below);min-height:1.2em;font-size:.875rem}input[type=range]{width:100%;accent-color:var(--signal);min-height:1.75rem}.slider-row{align-items:baseline;gap:var(--space-1) var(--space-3);grid-template-columns:1fr auto;display:grid}.slider-row output{font-family:var(--font-mono);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-size:.95rem}.slider-row input{grid-column:1/-1}.tip{pointer-events:none;background:var(--panel-raised);border:1px solid var(--rule-strong);border-radius:var(--radius-control);padding:var(--space-2) var(--space-3);white-space:nowrap;z-index:5;font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.45;position:absolute;box-shadow:0 6px 24px #00000040}.tip[hidden]{display:none}.progress{background:var(--signal);transform-origin:0;z-index:20;height:2px;position:fixed;inset:0 0 auto;transform:scaleX(0)}@supports (animation-timeline:scroll()){.progress{animation:linear both progress-grow scroll(root)}}@keyframes progress-grow{to{transform:scaleX(1)}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,:before,:after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition-duration:.001ms!important;animation-duration:.001ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important}.progress{display:none}}@media (forced-colors:active){.chip:before{forced-color-adjust:none}}.site-header[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.bar[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-5);min-height:4.25rem;padding-block:var(--space-2);flex-wrap:wrap;display:flex}.wordmark[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{align-items:center;gap:var(--space-2);color:var(--paper);letter-spacing:.01em;font-size:1.05rem;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.wordmark[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] b[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{font-weight:700}.mark[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;color:var(--paper)}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{margin-left:auto}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] ul[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{gap:var(--space-5);margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] a[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{color:var(--muted);font-size:.98rem;text-decoration:none}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] a[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]:hover,nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] a[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs][aria-current=page]{color:var(--paper)}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] a[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs][aria-current=page]{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--signal);text-underline-offset:.4em;text-decoration-thickness:2px}.call[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{min-height:2.5rem;padding-inline:var(--space-4)}@media (width<=52rem){.bar[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{gap:var(--space-2) var(--space-4)}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{scrollbar-width:none;order:3;width:100%;margin-left:0;overflow-x:auto}nav[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs] ul[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{gap:var(--space-5);white-space:nowrap;padding-bottom:var(--space-2)}.call[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{min-height:2.25rem;padding-inline:var(--space-3);margin-left:auto}.long[data-astro-cid-nen7h5rs]{display:none}}.site-footer[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-block:var(--space-7) var(--space-5);color:var(--muted);font-size:.95rem}.cols[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{gap:var(--space-6);grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr;display:grid}.name[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{color:var(--paper);margin-bottom:var(--space-2);font-weight:600}address[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{margin-bottom:var(--space-3);font-style:normal}ul[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none}li[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]+li[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{margin-top:var(--space-1)}a[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{color:var(--muted)}.area[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{max-width:44ch}.fine[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{margin-top:var(--space-6);color:var(--faint);font-size:.85rem}@media (width<=44rem){.cols[data-astro-cid-jo6i4kqk]{grid-template-columns:1fr}}.crumbs[data-astro-cid-vx4iavld]{padding-top:var(--space-4);font-size:.9rem}ol[data-astro-cid-vx4iavld]{color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:flex}li[data-astro-cid-vx4iavld]+li[data-astro-cid-vx4iavld]:before{content:"/";margin-inline:var(--space-2);color:var(--faint)}a[data-astro-cid-vx4iavld]{color:var(--muted)}